In the absence of air, organic matter such as animal manures, organic wastes and grass can be converted by bacteria-induced fermentation into biogas. Anaerobic digestion is the basic process for landfill gas production from municipal waste.

a. Anaerobic Digestion

Anaerobic digestion has significant potential but it is characterised by relatively small plant size. It is increasingly used in small-size, rural and off-grid applications at the domestic and farm-scale.

b. Advanced Landfill Waste Treatment

The biological conversion of MSW using anaerobic digestion can produce electricity, heat or fuel gas. Recovery of energy from landfill gases is a mature technology that is being utilised in more than 500 schemes in 20 countries. The energy can be converted to heat electricity or engine fuel. The markets can be local or grid-based.